Chi uscì con Madame de Staël?

Anne-Louise Germaine Necker, baronessa di Staël-Holstein, meglio nota con il nome di Madame de Staël (/ˌmaˈdam də ˈstɑl/ o [ˈstal]; Parigi, 22 aprile 1766 – Parigi, 14 luglio 1817), è stata una scrittrice e socialite francese di origini svizzere.

Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (Lausanne, 25 oktober 1767 – Parijs, 8 december 1830) was een Frans liberaal politicus, journalist en auteur van romans, essays en pamfletten.

Constant maakte deel uit van een republikeinse groep intellectuelen in het Zwitserse Coppet rondom Madame de Staël en werd door haar beschouwd als een tweede Charles de Montesquieu. Constant vond dat hervormingen moreel en politiek gezien veruit superieur waren aan revolutie; hij accepteerde de algemene wil van Jean-Jacques Rousseau, maar pleitte verder voor vergaande verdeling van macht, gematigdheid, een middenpartij en ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid.

Constant was een belangrijk klassiek liberaal theoreticus die zich interesseerde voor de verhouding tussen de staatsmacht en het individu en vanwege zijn conflict met Napoleon het land verliet. Tijdens de Honderd Dagen (1815) steunde hij Napoleon, maar raakte in conflict met diens opvolgers koning Lodewijk XVIII en koning Karel X. Hij beïnvloedde met zijn geschriften de liberalen in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw en de Belgische Opstand.

Constant publiceerde ook een reeks boeken tegen en niet over religie, geïnspireerd door de filosoof Baron d'Holbach en de Duitse journalist Friedrich Melchior Grimm. De Franse literatuur in de 19e eeuw vertegenwoordigde hij met een opmerkelijke psychologische roman: Adolphe – Een anekdote, aangetroffen tussen de papieren van een onbekende en uitgegeven door Benjamin Constant.

Louis Marie Jacques Almaric de Narbonne-Lara, meglio conosciuto come Louis Marie Narbonne Lara (Colorno, 23 agosto 1755 – Torgau, 17 novembre 1813), è stato un generale e diplomatico francese.

Il suo nome compare sulla 11ª colonna dell'elenco dei nomi incisi sotto l'Arco di Trionfo di Parigi. Si tratta di un elenco di 660 militari che si distinsero nell'esercito durante la rivoluzione francese e il primo impero di Francia.

Morì di febbre tifoide il 17 novembre 1813 a Torgau in Sassonia mentre difendeva la città dall'assedio delle forze prussiane.

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (; French: [ʃaʁl mɔʁis də tal(ɛ)ʁɑ̃ peʁiɡɔʁ, moʁ-]; 2 February 1754 – 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French secularized clergyman, statesman, and leading diplomat. After studying theology, he became Agent-General of the Clergy in 1780. In 1789, just before the French Revolution, he became Bishop of Autun. He worked at the highest levels of successive French governments, most commonly as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. He served as the French Diplomat in the Congress of Vienna. His career spanned the regimes of Louis XVI, the years of the French Revolution, Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis Philippe I. Those Talleyrand served often distrusted him but found him extremely useful. The name "Talleyrand" has become a byword for crafty and cynical diplomacy.

Talleyrand was Napoleon's chief diplomat during the years when French military victories brought one European state after another under French hegemony. Most of the time, he worked for peace so as to consolidate France's gains. He succeeded in obtaining peace with Austria through the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville and with Britain in the 1802 Treaty of Amiens. He could not prevent the renewal of war in 1803 but by 1805 he opposed his emperor's renewed wars against Austria, Prussia, and Russia. He resigned as foreign minister in August 1807, but retained the trust of Napoleon. He conspired to undermine the emperor's plans through secret dealings with Tsar Alexander I of Russia and the Austrian minister Klemens von Metternich. Talleyrand sought a negotiated secure peace so as to perpetuate the gains of the French Revolution. Napoleon rejected peace; when he fell in 1814, Talleyrand supported the Bourbon Restoration decided by the Allies. He played a major role at the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815, where he negotiated a favorable settlement for France and played a role in unwinding the Napoleonic Wars.

Talleyrand polarizes opinion. Some regard him as one of the most versatile, skilled, and influential diplomats in European history, while others believe that he was a traitor, betraying in turn the ancien régime, the French Revolution, and Napoleon.