Chi uscì con Adele di Francia (1160-1221)?

Adele di Francia (4 ottobre 1160 – 1221 circa) fu contessa di Vexin e contessa consorte di Ponthieu.

Enrico II Plantageneto (Le Mans, 5 marzo 1133 – Chinon, 6 luglio 1189) è stato duca di Normandia dal 1150, conte d'Angiò e del Maine dal 1151, duca consorte del ducato d'Aquitania, e del ducato di Guascogna dal 1152, e infine re d'Inghilterra dal 19 dicembre 1154 fino alla morte; come regnante inglese ebbe anche autorità su alcune regioni in Galles, Scozia e Irlanda orientale.

Fu il primo re della dinastia plantageneta (o angioina) ed ebbe diversi soprannomi. Era figlio di Goffredo il Bello o Plantageneto, conte di Angiò e del Maine e futuro duca di Normandia, e dell'erede al trono d'Inghilterra e al ducato di Normandia, Matilde d'Inghilterra. In seguito al discusso regno di Stefano il regno di Enrico vide un efficiente rafforzamento e su di lui si è consolidato il positivo giudizio degli storici. "Uomo fiero, energico, instancabile, Enrico fu un intellettuale che seppe utilizzare la cultura europea del suo tempo e le dottrine giuridiche nate nelle Università italiane per dare al suo regno un sistema giudiziario e amministrativo molto avanzato ai suoi giorni e che costituì la base per le riforme costituzionali d'avanguardia che seguirono dopo la sua morte nel 1189". Proprio lui, "di nascita e di lingua francese", è "da considerare uno dei più grandi re inglesi".

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, and Gascony; Lord of Cyprus; Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes; and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and was therefore not expected to become king, but his two elder brothers predeceased their father.

By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France. Despite achieving several victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, he was ultimately forced to end his campaign without retaking Jerusalem.

Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan, and based on the testimony of Roger of Howden, most likely understood Middle English. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming duke of Aquitaine, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession to the crown of England, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his reign was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending the French portions of the Angevin Empire. Though regarded as a model king during the four centuries after his death and viewed as a pious hero by his subjects, he was later perceived by historians as a ruler who treated the kingdom of England merely as a source of revenue for his armies rather than a land entrusted to his stewardship. This "Little England" view of Richard has come under increasing scrutiny by modern historians, who view it as anachronistic. Richard I is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.